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<!doctype html>
<html>
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8">
<title>CodeMirror: Markdown mode</title>
<link rel="stylesheet" href="../../lib/codemirror.css">
<script src="../../lib/codemirror.js"></script>
<script src="../../lib/util/continuelist.js"></script>
<script src="../xml/xml.js"></script>
<script src="markdown.js"></script>
<style type="text/css">.CodeMirror {border-top: 1px solid black; border-bottom: 1px solid black;}</style>
<link rel="stylesheet" href="../../doc/docs.css">
</head>
<body>
<h1>CodeMirror: Markdown mode</h1>
<!-- source: http://daringfireball.net/projects/markdown/basics.text -->
<form><textarea id="code" name="code">
Markdown: Basics
================
&lt;ul id="ProjectSubmenu"&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="/projects/markdown/" title="Markdown Project Page"&gt;Main&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a class="selected" title="Markdown Basics"&gt;Basics&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="/projects/markdown/syntax" title="Markdown Syntax Documentation"&gt;Syntax&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="/projects/markdown/license" title="Pricing and License Information"&gt;License&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="/projects/markdown/dingus" title="Online Markdown Web Form"&gt;Dingus&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
Getting the Gist of Markdown's Formatting Syntax
------------------------------------------------
This page offers a brief overview of what it's like to use Markdown.
The [syntax page] [s] provides complete, detailed documentation for
every feature, but Markdown should be very easy to pick up simply by
looking at a few examples of it in action. The examples on this page
are written in a before/after style, showing example syntax and the
HTML output produced by Markdown.
It's also helpful to simply try Markdown out; the [Dingus] [d] is a
web application that allows you type your own Markdown-formatted text
and translate it to XHTML.
**Note:** This document is itself written using Markdown; you
can [see the source for it by adding '.text' to the URL] [src].
[s]: /projects/markdown/syntax "Markdown Syntax"
[d]: /projects/markdown/dingus "Markdown Dingus"
[src]: /projects/markdown/basics.text
## Paragraphs, Headers, Blockquotes ##
A paragraph is simply one or more consecutive lines of text, separated
by one or more blank lines. (A blank line is any line that looks like
a blank line -- a line containing nothing but spaces or tabs is
considered blank.) Normal paragraphs should not be indented with
spaces or tabs.
Markdown offers two styles of headers: *Setext* and *atx*.
Setext-style headers for `&lt;h1&gt;` and `&lt;h2&gt;` are created by
"underlining" with equal signs (`=`) and hyphens (`-`), respectively.
To create an atx-style header, you put 1-6 hash marks (`#`) at the
beginning of the line -- the number of hashes equals the resulting
HTML header level.
Blockquotes are indicated using email-style '`&gt;`' angle brackets.
Markdown:
A First Level Header
====================
A Second Level Header
---------------------
Now is the time for all good men to come to
the aid of their country. This is just a
regular paragraph.
The quick brown fox jumped over the lazy
dog's back.
### Header 3
&gt; This is a blockquote.
&gt;
&gt; This is the second paragraph in the blockquote.
&gt;
&gt; ## This is an H2 in a blockquote
Output:
&lt;h1&gt;A First Level Header&lt;/h1&gt;
&lt;h2&gt;A Second Level Header&lt;/h2&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Now is the time for all good men to come to
the aid of their country. This is just a
regular paragraph.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The quick brown fox jumped over the lazy
dog's back.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h3&gt;Header 3&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;blockquote&gt;
&lt;p&gt;This is a blockquote.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;This is the second paragraph in the blockquote.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2&gt;This is an H2 in a blockquote&lt;/h2&gt;
&lt;/blockquote&gt;
### Phrase Emphasis ###
Markdown uses asterisks and underscores to indicate spans of emphasis.
Markdown:
Some of these words *are emphasized*.
Some of these words _are emphasized also_.
Use two asterisks for **strong emphasis**.
Or, if you prefer, __use two underscores instead__.
Output:
&lt;p&gt;Some of these words &lt;em&gt;are emphasized&lt;/em&gt;.
Some of these words &lt;em&gt;are emphasized also&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Use two asterisks for &lt;strong&gt;strong emphasis&lt;/strong&gt;.
Or, if you prefer, &lt;strong&gt;use two underscores instead&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
## Lists ##
Unordered (bulleted) lists use asterisks, pluses, and hyphens (`*`,
`+`, and `-`) as list markers. These three markers are
interchangable; this:
* Candy.
* Gum.
* Booze.
this:
+ Candy.
+ Gum.
+ Booze.
and this:
- Candy.
- Gum.
- Booze.
all produce the same output:
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Candy.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Gum.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Booze.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
Ordered (numbered) lists use regular numbers, followed by periods, as
list markers:
1. Red
2. Green
3. Blue
Output:
&lt;ol&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Red&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Green&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Blue&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ol&gt;
If you put blank lines between items, you'll get `&lt;p&gt;` tags for the
list item text. You can create multi-paragraph list items by indenting
the paragraphs by 4 spaces or 1 tab:
* A list item.
With multiple paragraphs.
* Another item in the list.
Output:
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;A list item.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;With multiple paragraphs.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Another item in the list.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
### Links ###
Markdown supports two styles for creating links: *inline* and
*reference*. With both styles, you use square brackets to delimit the
text you want to turn into a link.
Inline-style links use parentheses immediately after the link text.
For example:
This is an [example link](http://example.com/).
Output:
&lt;p&gt;This is an &lt;a href="http://example.com/"&gt;
example link&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
Optionally, you may include a title attribute in the parentheses:
This is an [example link](http://example.com/ "With a Title").
Output:
&lt;p&gt;This is an &lt;a href="http://example.com/" title="With a Title"&gt;
example link&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
Reference-style links allow you to refer to your links by names, which
you define elsewhere in your document:
I get 10 times more traffic from [Google][1] than from
[Yahoo][2] or [MSN][3].
[1]: http://google.com/ "Google"
[2]: http://search.yahoo.com/ "Yahoo Search"
[3]: http://search.msn.com/ "MSN Search"
Output:
&lt;p&gt;I get 10 times more traffic from &lt;a href="http://google.com/"
title="Google"&gt;Google&lt;/a&gt; than from &lt;a href="http://search.yahoo.com/"
title="Yahoo Search"&gt;Yahoo&lt;/a&gt; or &lt;a href="http://search.msn.com/"
title="MSN Search"&gt;MSN&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
The title attribute is optional. Link names may contain letters,
numbers and spaces, but are *not* case sensitive:
I start my morning with a cup of coffee and
[The New York Times][NY Times].
[ny times]: http://www.nytimes.com/
Output:
&lt;p&gt;I start my morning with a cup of coffee and
&lt;a href="http://www.nytimes.com/"&gt;The New York Times&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
### Images ###
Image syntax is very much like link syntax.
Inline (titles are optional):
![alt text](/path/to/img.jpg "Title")
Reference-style:
![alt text][id]
[id]: /path/to/img.jpg "Title"
Both of the above examples produce the same output:
&lt;img src="/path/to/img.jpg" alt="alt text" title="Title" /&gt;
### Code ###
In a regular paragraph, you can create code span by wrapping text in
backtick quotes. Any ampersands (`&amp;`) and angle brackets (`&lt;` or
`&gt;`) will automatically be translated into HTML entities. This makes
it easy to use Markdown to write about HTML example code:
I strongly recommend against using any `&lt;blink&gt;` tags.
I wish SmartyPants used named entities like `&amp;mdash;`
instead of decimal-encoded entites like `&amp;#8212;`.
Output:
&lt;p&gt;I strongly recommend against using any
&lt;code&gt;&amp;lt;blink&amp;gt;&lt;/code&gt; tags.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;I wish SmartyPants used named entities like
&lt;code&gt;&amp;amp;mdash;&lt;/code&gt; instead of decimal-encoded
entites like &lt;code&gt;&amp;amp;#8212;&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
To specify an entire block of pre-formatted code, indent every line of
the block by 4 spaces or 1 tab. Just like with code spans, `&amp;`, `&lt;`,
and `&gt;` characters will be escaped automatically.
Markdown:
If you want your page to validate under XHTML 1.0 Strict,
you've got to put paragraph tags in your blockquotes:
&lt;blockquote&gt;
&lt;p&gt;For example.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/blockquote&gt;
Output:
&lt;p&gt;If you want your page to validate under XHTML 1.0 Strict,
you've got to put paragraph tags in your blockquotes:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;&amp;lt;blockquote&amp;gt;
&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;For example.&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;
&amp;lt;/blockquote&amp;gt;
&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;
</textarea></form>
<script>
var editor = CodeMirror.fromTextArea(document.getElementById("code"), {
mode: 'markdown',
lineNumbers: true,
theme: "default",
extraKeys: {"Enter": "newlineAndIndentContinueMarkdownList"}
});
</script>
<p>Optionally depends on the XML mode for properly highlighted inline XML blocks.</p>
<p><strong>MIME types defined:</strong> <code>text/x-markdown</code>.</p>
<p><strong>Parsing/Highlighting Tests:</strong> <a href="../../test/index.html#markdown_*">normal</a>, <a href="../../test/index.html#verbose,markdown_*">verbose</a>.</p>
</body>
</html>

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CodeMirror.defineMode("markdown", function(cmCfg, modeCfg) {
var htmlFound = CodeMirror.mimeModes.hasOwnProperty("text/html");
var htmlMode = CodeMirror.getMode(cmCfg, htmlFound ? "text/html" : "text/plain");
var aliases = {
html: "htmlmixed",
js: "javascript",
json: "application/json",
c: "text/x-csrc",
"c++": "text/x-c++src",
java: "text/x-java",
csharp: "text/x-csharp",
"c#": "text/x-csharp"
};
var getMode = (function () {
var i, modes = {}, mimes = {}, mime;
var list = [];
for (var m in CodeMirror.modes)
if (CodeMirror.modes.propertyIsEnumerable(m)) list.push(m);
for (i = 0; i < list.length; i++) {
modes[list[i]] = list[i];
}
var mimesList = [];
for (var m in CodeMirror.mimeModes)
if (CodeMirror.mimeModes.propertyIsEnumerable(m))
mimesList.push({mime: m, mode: CodeMirror.mimeModes[m]});
for (i = 0; i < mimesList.length; i++) {
mime = mimesList[i].mime;
mimes[mime] = mimesList[i].mime;
}
for (var a in aliases) {
if (aliases[a] in modes || aliases[a] in mimes)
modes[a] = aliases[a];
}
return function (lang) {
return modes[lang] ? CodeMirror.getMode(cmCfg, modes[lang]) : null;
};
}());
// Should underscores in words open/close em/strong?
if (modeCfg.underscoresBreakWords === undefined)
modeCfg.underscoresBreakWords = true;
// Turn on fenced code blocks? ("```" to start/end)
if (modeCfg.fencedCodeBlocks === undefined) modeCfg.fencedCodeBlocks = false;
var codeDepth = 0;
var prevLineHasContent = false
, thisLineHasContent = false;
var header = 'header'
, code = 'comment'
, quote = 'quote'
, list = 'string'
, hr = 'hr'
, image = 'tag'
, linkinline = 'link'
, linkemail = 'link'
, linktext = 'link'
, linkhref = 'string'
, em = 'em'
, strong = 'strong'
, emstrong = 'emstrong';
var hrRE = /^([*\-=_])(?:\s*\1){2,}\s*$/
, ulRE = /^[*\-+]\s+/
, olRE = /^[0-9]+\.\s+/
, headerRE = /^(?:\={1,}|-{1,})$/
, textRE = /^[^!\[\]*_\\<>` "'(]+/;
function switchInline(stream, state, f) {
state.f = state.inline = f;
return f(stream, state);
}
function switchBlock(stream, state, f) {
state.f = state.block = f;
return f(stream, state);
}
// Blocks
function blankLine(state) {
// Reset linkTitle state
state.linkTitle = false;
// Reset EM state
state.em = false;
// Reset STRONG state
state.strong = false;
// Reset state.quote
state.quote = false;
if (!htmlFound && state.f == htmlBlock) {
state.f = inlineNormal;
state.block = blockNormal;
}
return null;
}
function blockNormal(stream, state) {
if (state.list !== false && state.indentationDiff >= 0) { // Continued list
if (state.indentationDiff < 4) { // Only adjust indentation if *not* a code block
state.indentation -= state.indentationDiff;
}
state.list = null;
} else { // No longer a list
state.list = false;
}
if (state.indentationDiff >= 4) {
state.indentation -= 4;
stream.skipToEnd();
return code;
} else if (stream.eatSpace()) {
return null;
} else if (stream.peek() === '#' || (prevLineHasContent && stream.match(headerRE)) ) {
state.header = true;
} else if (stream.eat('>')) {
state.indentation++;
state.quote = true;
} else if (stream.peek() === '[') {
return switchInline(stream, state, footnoteLink);
} else if (stream.match(hrRE, true)) {
return hr;
} else if (stream.match(ulRE, true) || stream.match(olRE, true)) {
state.indentation += 4;
state.list = true;
} else if (modeCfg.fencedCodeBlocks && stream.match(/^```([\w+#]*)/, true)) {
// try switching mode
state.localMode = getMode(RegExp.$1);
if (state.localMode) state.localState = state.localMode.startState();
switchBlock(stream, state, local);
return code;
}
return switchInline(stream, state, state.inline);
}
function htmlBlock(stream, state) {
var style = htmlMode.token(stream, state.htmlState);
if (htmlFound && style === 'tag' && state.htmlState.type !== 'openTag' && !state.htmlState.context) {
state.f = inlineNormal;
state.block = blockNormal;
}
if (state.md_inside && stream.current().indexOf(">")!=-1) {
state.f = inlineNormal;
state.block = blockNormal;
state.htmlState.context = undefined;
}
return style;
}
function local(stream, state) {
if (stream.sol() && stream.match(/^```/, true)) {
state.localMode = state.localState = null;
state.f = inlineNormal;
state.block = blockNormal;
return code;
} else if (state.localMode) {
return state.localMode.token(stream, state.localState);
} else {
stream.skipToEnd();
return code;
}
}
// Inline
function getType(state) {
var styles = [];
if (state.strong) { styles.push(state.em ? emstrong : strong); }
else if (state.em) { styles.push(em); }
if (state.linkText) { styles.push(linktext); }
if (state.code) { styles.push(code); }
if (state.header) { styles.push(header); }
if (state.quote) { styles.push(quote); }
if (state.list !== false) { styles.push(list); }
return styles.length ? styles.join(' ') : null;
}
function handleText(stream, state) {
if (stream.match(textRE, true)) {
return getType(state);
}
return undefined;
}
function inlineNormal(stream, state) {
var style = state.text(stream, state);
if (typeof style !== 'undefined')
return style;
if (state.list) { // List marker (*, +, -, 1., etc)
state.list = null;
return list;
}
var ch = stream.next();
if (ch === '\\') {
stream.next();
return getType(state);
}
// Matches link titles present on next line
if (state.linkTitle) {
state.linkTitle = false;
var matchCh = ch;
if (ch === '(') {
matchCh = ')';
}
matchCh = (matchCh+'').replace(/([.?*+^$[\]\\(){}|-])/g, "\\$1");
var regex = '^\\s*(?:[^' + matchCh + '\\\\]+|\\\\\\\\|\\\\.)' + matchCh;
if (stream.match(new RegExp(regex), true)) {
return linkhref;
}
}
// If this block is changed, it may need to be updated in GFM mode
if (ch === '`') {
var t = getType(state);
var before = stream.pos;
stream.eatWhile('`');
var difference = 1 + stream.pos - before;
if (!state.code) {
codeDepth = difference;
state.code = true;
return getType(state);
} else {
if (difference === codeDepth) { // Must be exact
state.code = false;
return t;
}
return getType(state);
}
} else if (state.code) {
return getType(state);
}
if (ch === '!' && stream.match(/\[[^\]]*\] ?(?:\(|\[)/, false)) {
stream.match(/\[[^\]]*\]/);
state.inline = state.f = linkHref;
return image;
}
if (ch === '[' && stream.match(/.*\](\(| ?\[)/, false)) {
state.linkText = true;
return getType(state);
}
if (ch === ']' && state.linkText) {
var type = getType(state);
state.linkText = false;
state.inline = state.f = linkHref;
return type;
}
if (ch === '<' && stream.match(/^(https?|ftps?):\/\/(?:[^\\>]|\\.)+>/, true)) {
return switchInline(stream, state, inlineElement(linkinline, '>'));
}
if (ch === '<' && stream.match(/^[^> \\]+@(?:[^\\>]|\\.)+>/, true)) {
return switchInline(stream, state, inlineElement(linkemail, '>'));
}
if (ch === '<' && stream.match(/^\w/, false)) {
if (stream.string.indexOf(">")!=-1) {
var atts = stream.string.substring(1,stream.string.indexOf(">"));
if (/markdown\s*=\s*('|"){0,1}1('|"){0,1}/.test(atts)) {
state.md_inside = true;
}
}
stream.backUp(1);
return switchBlock(stream, state, htmlBlock);
}
if (ch === '<' && stream.match(/^\/\w*?>/)) {
state.md_inside = false;
return "tag";
}
var ignoreUnderscore = false;
if (!modeCfg.underscoresBreakWords) {
if (ch === '_' && stream.peek() !== '_' && stream.match(/(\w)/, false)) {
var prevPos = stream.pos - 2;
if (prevPos >= 0) {
var prevCh = stream.string.charAt(prevPos);
if (prevCh !== '_' && prevCh.match(/(\w)/, false)) {
ignoreUnderscore = true;
}
}
}
}
var t = getType(state);
if (ch === '*' || (ch === '_' && !ignoreUnderscore)) {
if (state.strong === ch && stream.eat(ch)) { // Remove STRONG
state.strong = false;
return t;
} else if (!state.strong && stream.eat(ch)) { // Add STRONG
state.strong = ch;
return getType(state);
} else if (state.em === ch) { // Remove EM
state.em = false;
return t;
} else if (!state.em) { // Add EM
state.em = ch;
return getType(state);
}
} else if (ch === ' ') {
if (stream.eat('*') || stream.eat('_')) { // Probably surrounded by spaces
if (stream.peek() === ' ') { // Surrounded by spaces, ignore
return getType(state);
} else { // Not surrounded by spaces, back up pointer
stream.backUp(1);
}
}
}
return getType(state);
}
function linkHref(stream, state) {
// Check if space, and return NULL if so (to avoid marking the space)
if(stream.eatSpace()){
return null;
}
var ch = stream.next();
if (ch === '(' || ch === '[') {
return switchInline(stream, state, inlineElement(linkhref, ch === '(' ? ')' : ']'));
}
return 'error';
}
function footnoteLink(stream, state) {
if (stream.match(/^[^\]]*\]:/, true)) {
state.f = footnoteUrl;
return linktext;
}
return switchInline(stream, state, inlineNormal);
}
function footnoteUrl(stream, state) {
// Check if space, and return NULL if so (to avoid marking the space)
if(stream.eatSpace()){
return null;
}
// Match URL
stream.match(/^[^\s]+/, true);
// Check for link title
if (stream.peek() === undefined) { // End of line, set flag to check next line
state.linkTitle = true;
} else { // More content on line, check if link title
stream.match(/^(?:\s+(?:"(?:[^"\\]|\\\\|\\.)+"|'(?:[^'\\]|\\\\|\\.)+'|\((?:[^)\\]|\\\\|\\.)+\)))?/, true);
}
state.f = state.inline = inlineNormal;
return linkhref;
}
var savedInlineRE = [];
function inlineRE(endChar) {
if (!savedInlineRE[endChar]) {
// Escape endChar for RegExp (taken from http://stackoverflow.com/a/494122/526741)
endChar = (endChar+'').replace(/([.?*+^$[\]\\(){}|-])/g, "\\$1");
// Match any non-endChar, escaped character, as well as the closing
// endChar.
savedInlineRE[endChar] = new RegExp('^(?:[^\\\\]|\\\\.)*?(' + endChar + ')');
}
return savedInlineRE[endChar];
}
function inlineElement(type, endChar, next) {
next = next || inlineNormal;
return function(stream, state) {
stream.match(inlineRE(endChar));
state.inline = state.f = next;
return type;
};
}
return {
startState: function() {
prevLineHasContent = false;
thisLineHasContent = false;
return {
f: blockNormal,
block: blockNormal,
htmlState: CodeMirror.startState(htmlMode),
indentation: 0,
inline: inlineNormal,
text: handleText,
linkText: false,
linkTitle: false,
em: false,
strong: false,
header: false,
list: false,
quote: false
};
},
copyState: function(s) {
return {
f: s.f,
block: s.block,
htmlState: CodeMirror.copyState(htmlMode, s.htmlState),
indentation: s.indentation,
localMode: s.localMode,
localState: s.localMode ? CodeMirror.copyState(s.localMode, s.localState) : null,
inline: s.inline,
text: s.text,
linkTitle: s.linkTitle,
em: s.em,
strong: s.strong,
header: s.header,
list: s.list,
quote: s.quote,
md_inside: s.md_inside
};
},
token: function(stream, state) {
if (stream.sol()) {
if (stream.match(/^\s*$/, true)) {
prevLineHasContent = false;
return blankLine(state);
} else {
if(thisLineHasContent){
prevLineHasContent = true;
thisLineHasContent = false;
}
thisLineHasContent = true;
}
// Reset state.header
state.header = false;
// Reset state.code
state.code = false;
state.f = state.block;
var indentation = stream.match(/^\s*/, true)[0].replace(/\t/g, ' ').length;
var difference = Math.floor((indentation - state.indentation) / 4) * 4;
if (difference > 4) difference = 4;
var adjustedIndentation = state.indentation + difference;
state.indentationDiff = adjustedIndentation - state.indentation;
state.indentation = adjustedIndentation;
if (indentation > 0) return null;
}
return state.f(stream, state);
},
blankLine: blankLine,
getType: getType
};
}, "xml");
CodeMirror.defineMIME("text/x-markdown", "markdown");

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