mediaplayer/ios/OralTrainer/Services/StreamingVideoCache.swift

import CryptoKit
import Foundation

/// iOS 端的持久化整文件视频缓存。
///
/// AVFoundation 没有公开可持久化的媒体字节缓存 API。这里先把远程视频完整
/// 下载成原子本地文件；只有文件
/// 完整落盘后才返回给播放器，避免用部分响应或播放列表创建可播放的 AVPlayerItem。
@MainActor
final class StreamingVideoCache {
    static let shared = StreamingVideoCache()

    static let maxCacheBytes: Int64 = 512 * 1024 * 1024

    private static let supportedExtensions: Set<String> = ["mp4", "m4v", "mov"]
    private static let fileExtension = "mp4"

    private let directory: URL
    private let fileManager = FileManager.default
    private var downloadsByURL: [URL: Task<URL, Error>] = [:]

    private init() {
        let caches = fileManager.urls(for: .cachesDirectory, in: .userDomainMask)[0]
        directory = caches.appendingPathComponent("oral-trainer-streaming-videos", isDirectory: true)
        try? fileManager.createDirectory(at: directory, withIntermediateDirectories: true)
    }

    func cachedFileIfAvailable(for remoteURL: URL) -> URL? {
        guard isCacheable(remoteURL), let file = destinationFile(for: remoteURL) else {
            return nil
        }
        guard fileManager.fileExists(atPath: file.path), isUsableMediaFile(file) else {
            fileManager.removeItemIfPossible(at: file)
            return nil
        }

        // AVPlayer 读取后刷新 LRU 时间，与 Android LeastRecentlyUsedCacheEvictor 的
        // 语义保持接近。
        try? fileManager.setAttributes(
            [.modificationDate: Date()],
            ofItemAtPath: file.path
        )
        return file
    }

    /// 重复调用同一 URL 时复用同一个后台下载；只有下载完成后才返回本地文件。
    func prefetch(_ remoteURL: URL) async throws -> URL {
        if let cached = cachedFileIfAvailable(for: remoteURL) {
            return cached
        }
        guard let destination = destinationFile(for: remoteURL) else {
            throw StreamingVideoCacheError.unsupportedURL
        }
        guard isCacheable(remoteURL) else {
            throw StreamingVideoCacheError.unsupportedURL
        }

        if let existing = downloadsByURL[remoteURL] {
            return try await existing.value
        }

        let task = Task {
            try await Self.download(from: remoteURL, to: destination)
        }
        downloadsByURL[remoteURL] = task

        let result: URL
        do {
            result = try await task.value
        } catch {
            if !task.isCancelled {
                downloadsByURL[remoteURL] = nil
            }
            throw error
        }
        if downloadsByURL[remoteURL]?.isCancelled != true {
            downloadsByURL[remoteURL] = nil
        }
        evictIfNeeded(keeping: remoteURL)
        return result
    }

    func clear() {
        for task in downloadsByURL.values {
            task.cancel()
        }
        downloadsByURL.removeAll()
        try? fileManager.removeItem(at: directory)
        try? fileManager.createDirectory(at: directory, withIntermediateDirectories: true)
    }

    private func isCacheable(_ url: URL) -> Bool {
        guard let scheme = url.scheme?.lowercased(), scheme == "http" || scheme == "https" else {
            return false
        }
        let ext = url.pathExtension.lowercased()
        // HLS/DASH 播放列表不能通过下载单个清单完成离线缓存；当前云端课程均为 MP4。
        return Self.supportedExtensions.contains(ext)
    }

    private func destinationFile(for remoteURL: URL) -> URL? {
        let rawData = Data(remoteURL.absoluteString.utf8)
        let digest = SHA256.hash(data: rawData)
        let key = digest.map { String(format: "%02x", $0) }.joined()
        return directory.appendingPathComponent(key).appendingPathExtension(Self.fileExtension)
    }

    private func isUsableMediaFile(_ url: URL) -> Bool {
        let values = try? url.resourceValues(forKeys: [.isRegularFileKey, .fileSizeKey])
        guard values?.isRegularFile == true, let fileSize = values?.fileSize else {
            return false
        }
        let size = Int64(fileSize)
        return size > 0
    }

    private func evictIfNeeded(keeping remoteURL: URL) {
        guard let keeping = destinationFile(for: remoteURL) else {
            return
        }

        let contents = (try? fileManager.contentsOfDirectory(
            at: directory,
            includingPropertiesForKeys: [.contentModificationDateKey, .fileSizeKey],
            options: [.skipsHiddenFiles]
        )) ?? []

        var entries: [(url: URL, size: Int64, date: Date)] = contents.compactMap { url in
            let values = try? url.resourceValues(forKeys: [.contentModificationDateKey, .fileSizeKey])
            guard let fileSize = values?.fileSize, fileSize > 0 else {
                fileManager.removeItemIfPossible(at: url)
                return nil
            }
            let size = Int64(fileSize)
            return (url, size, values?.contentModificationDate ?? .distantPast)
        }

        var totalBytes = entries.reduce(0) { $0 + $1.size }
        entries.sort { $0.date < $1.date }
        for entry in entries where totalBytes > Self.maxCacheBytes && entry.url != keeping {
            guard fileManager.removeItemIfPossible(at: entry.url) else {
                continue
            }
            totalBytes -= entry.size
        }
    }

    private static func download(from remoteURL: URL, to destination: URL) async throws -> URL {
        var request = URLRequest(url: remoteURL)
        request.timeoutInterval = AppConfig.connectTimeout
        request.setValue(AppConfig.userAgent, forHTTPHeaderField: "User-Agent")
        request.cachePolicy = .reloadIgnoringLocalCacheData

        let (tempFile, response) = try await URLSession.shared.download(for: request)
        do {
            guard let http = response as? HTTPURLResponse, (200...299).contains(http.statusCode) else {
                let status = (response as? HTTPURLResponse)?.statusCode ?? -1
                throw StreamingVideoCacheError.downloadFailed(message: "HTTP \(status)")
            }

            let fileManager = FileManager.default
            try? fileManager.removeItem(at: destination)
            try fileManager.createDirectory(
                at: destination.deletingLastPathComponent(),
                withIntermediateDirectories: true
            )
            try fileManager.moveItem(at: tempFile, to: destination)
            return destination
        } catch {
            FileManager.default.removeItemIfPossible(at: tempFile)
            if let cacheError = error as? StreamingVideoCacheError {
                logFailure(remoteURL, message: cacheError.localizedDescription)
                throw cacheError
            }
            logFailure(remoteURL, message: error.localizedDescription)
            throw StreamingVideoCacheError.downloadFailed(
                message: error.localizedDescription
            )
        }
    }

    private static func logFailure(_ url: URL, message: String) {
        #if DEBUG
        print("[StreamingVideoCache] 预缓存失败: \(url), \(message)")
        #endif
    }
}

enum StreamingVideoCacheError: LocalizedError {
    case unsupportedURL
    case downloadFailed(message: String)

    var errorDescription: String? {
        switch self {
        case .unsupportedURL:
            return "仅支持 MP4/M4V/MOV 整文件缓存"
        case .downloadFailed(let message):
            return message
        }
    }
}

private extension FileManager {
    @discardableResult
    func removeItemIfPossible(at url: URL) -> Bool {
        do {
            try removeItem(at: url)
            return true
        } catch {
            return false
        }
    }
}